en:whitepaper_wallet [DustEthic

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====== DustEthic - Wallet White Paper v1.0 (EN) ======
French version: [[fr:wallets-livre-blanc|Le Livre Blanc DustEthic - Wallets]]

**Version**: 1.0-draft\\
**Date**: 2025-12-10\\
**Last updated**: 2025-12-10\\

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===== 0. Important disclaimer - document status =====

This document combines two types of information:

  * **Current and verifiable elements**
    * Description of the DustEthic Standard as published on the official repositories and on dustethic.org.
    * Public technical references about wallets, account abstraction, ERC 4337, EIP 7702, paymasters, relayers, etc.

  * **Projections, examples and design assumptions**
    * All amounts, percentages, adoption rates, donation volumes, fee models, revenue scenarios and roadmaps are **working illustrations**.
    * They do not describe the actual performance of any wallet, relayer, NGO or of the DustEthic project, and they may change or be discarded.

As a result:

  * This document is **not**:
    * a promise of profit, yield or future performance,
    * a financial product offering,
    * a contractual commitment from DustEthic or from any partner.

  * Each stakeholder (wallet, relayer, NGO, user) must:
    * perform their own technical, legal, tax and regulatory checks,
    * adapt or reject the examples if they do not fit their context.

  * If there is any conflict between this document and:
    * the DustEthic Standard published on the official repositories,
    * or the most recent technical documentation, then **the most recent official sources** prevail.

This document must be read as a **design and discussion support**, not as a final description of a production system.

----

===== 1. Context and objectives =====

DustEthic turns "dust" in non custodial wallets (small unusable balances) into aggregated, traceable micro donations, through an open documented standard.

Wallets are key for DustEthic:

  * they detect dust
  * they host the UX
  * they enable wide distribution.

This document focuses on:

  * functional role of wallets in DustEthic
  * technical integration options (EOA, AA, EIP 4337, EIP 7702)
  * commission models for wallets
  * potential gain examples
  * the DustEthic wallet module mockup.

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===== 2. Role of the wallet in the DustEthic Standard =====

==== 2.1 Actors recap ====

  * Donor: end user, wallet owner
  * Wallet: UX and signing component
  * DustEthic Relayer / Aggregator: aggregation and donation logic
  * Paymaster / Bundler: gas sponsorship and UserOperation handling
  * NGO / Beneficiary project: final recipient
  * DustEthic Standard: public rules, APIs, best practices.

==== 2.2 Wallet position ====

The wallet is:

  * UX entry point
  * consent gatekeeper (explicit opt in)
  * technical router (tokens, networks, frequencies, fee preferences).

The standard:

  * enforces fee transparency
  * enforces minimal traceability
  * forbids any "yield" or investment like promise.

----

===== 3. User journeys inside the wallet =====

==== 3.1 Activation (strong opt in) ====

Typical steps:

  - open wallet
  - discover "DustEthic" module
  - read a simple explanation (dust, aggregation, actors, fees)
  - accept terms and privacy
  - choose NGO categories or NGOs.

==== 3.2 Initial configuration ====

User selects:

  * networks and tokens
  * dust thresholds
  * action mode (manual, periodic, opportunistic).

==== 3.3 Manual sweep (minimal viable scenario) ====

  * tap "Scan my dust"
  * wallet detects balances and applies thresholds
  * user selects tokens and NGOs
  * wallet displays donation estimate, fees, gas
  * user signs transaction or UserOperation.

==== 3.4 Automatic modes and safeguards ====

  * explicit activation
  * monthly cap
  * operation level limit
  * pause and disable options
  * notifications.

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===== 4. Technical architecture on the wallet side =====

==== 4.1 EOA vs Account Abstraction ====

Case 1: EOA wallets:

  * regular transactions to DustEthic Aggregator
  * gas paid in native token.

Case 2: AA wallets (ERC 4337, EIP 7702):

  * UserOperations or sponsored transactions
  * paymaster pays gas
  * smoother UX.

==== 4.2 Integration with relayers, bundlers, paymasters ====

"DustEthic Wallet Connector" provides:

  * dust detection or indexer integration
  * simulations (amount, gas, fees)
  * transaction or UserOperation building
  * monitoring and receipts.

Relayer may act as bundler and or paymaster depending on setup.

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===== 5. Commission model for wallets =====

==== 5.1 Core principles ====

  * fees only on DustEthic flows, not on base balances
  * modest percentages
  * transparent breakdown (NGO, relayer, wallet, standard).

==== 5.2 Illustrative grid (non binding) ====

Example:

  * gross donation: 100 units
  * total fee: 3 %
  * breakdown:
    * 1.5 % relayer
    * 1.0 % wallet
    * 0.5 % DustEthic fund
  * NGO net: 97 units.

Standard requires:

  * clear disclosure
  * no hidden conversion fees
  * optional "full NGO" mode.

==== 5.3 Alternative scenarios ====

  * zero wallet fee mode
  * sponsor covered campaigns
  * premium wallet mode with extra services.

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===== 6. Potential gains for a wallet (examples) =====

All examples are non binding.

==== 6.1 Example 1 - Medium wallet ====

Assumptions:

  * 1 000 000 MAU
  * 10 % DustEthic activation
  * 2 sweeps per year
  * 5 USD per sweep
  * 1 % wallet commission.

Rough results:

  * 100 000 DustEthic users
  * 200 000 sweeps
  * 1 000 000 USD donations
  * about 10 000 USD wallet fees per year.

==== 6.2 Example 2 - Large wallet ====

Assumptions:

  * 10 000 000 MAU
  * 15 % activation
  * 3 sweeps per year
  * 7 USD per sweep
  * 1 % wallet fee.

Rough results:

  * 1 500 000 users
  * 4 500 000 sweeps
  * about 31 500 000 USD donations
  * about 315 000 USD fees per year.

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===== 7. DustEthic wallet module mockup =====

==== 7.1 UX principles ====

  * reassuring
  * simple for non experts
  * transparent amounts and fees.

==== 7.2 Screen 1 - Introduction ====

  * title "Turn your dust into donations"
  * short explanation
  * key bullets (control, transparency, traceability)
  * "Set up DustEthic" and "Learn more" actions.

==== 7.3 Screen 2 - Token and threshold selection ====

  * list of tokens and networks
  * balances and dust parts
  * check boxes
  * settings for thresholds and frequencies.

==== 7.4 Screen 3 - NGO selection ====

  * categories (environment, education, etc.)
  * NGO partner list
  * future filters.

==== 7.5 Screen 4 - Summary and fees ====

  * gross donation estimate
  * fees breakdown
  * NGO net
  * gas estimate
  * "Sign and run sweep" button.

==== 7.6 Screen 5 - History and receipts ====

  * date, network, token
  * gross, fees, net
  * transaction hash
  * NGO.

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===== 8. Risks, constraints and open questions =====

==== 8.1 UX and reputation risks ====

  * confusion between explicit donations and perceived auto charges
  * negative perception if fees are seen as excessive.

==== 8.2 Technical constraints ====

  * AA integration complexity
  * cross chain management
  * robust logging and receipts.

==== 8.3 Regulatory constraints ====

  * different classifications (donation vs payment service)
  * need to avoid any investment like perception.

==== 8.4 Open questions ====

  * wallet API standardization level
  * governance of the standard
  * funding model for the standard.

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===== 9. Integration roadmap (high level) =====

  - Phase 0: discovery.
  - Phase 1: internal prototype on testnet.
  - Phase 2: limited pilot.
  - Phase 3: progressive rollout.
  - Phase 4: standardization and optimization.

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===== 10. Critical summary (devil s advocate) =====

Strengths:

  * additional revenue stream
  * pro social brand
  * open standard.

Weaknesses:

  * uncertain profitability
  * UX and reputation risks
  * maintenance and compliance costs.

Conclusion: DustEthic is unlikely to become a main revenue line but can be a coherent "Web3 for good" module.

----

===== 11. External sources (technical background) =====

  * ERC 4337 - Account Abstraction:
    * https://docs.erc4337.io
    * https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/erc-4337-account-abstraction-via-entry-point-contract-specification/7160
  * Account abstraction and smart wallets:
    * https://www.alchemy.com/overviews/what-is-account-abstraction
    * https://docs.stackup.fi/docs/understanding-erc-4337
  * Paymasters and gas sponsorship:
    * https://www.alchemy.com/overviews/what-is-a-paymaster
  * EIP 7702:
    * https://www.quicknode.com/guides/ethereum-development/smart-contracts/eip-7702-smart-accounts
    * https://www.openfort.io/blog/eip-7702-with-erc-4337
  * Wallet and exchange revenue models:
    * https://streamflow.finance/blog/how-does-a-crypto-wallet-make-money
    * https://www.coinsclone.com/how-do-crypto-wallets-make-money
    * https://trusteeglobal.eu/academy/how-cryptocurrency-fees-are-calculated